Органът за издаване на удостоверения¶
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Тази статия ви показва как да настроите свой собствен орган за частни сертификати, подкрепен от Nitrokey HSM. Този орган за издаване на сертификати не е автоматизиран и не е мащабируем. За автоматизация и мащабируемост може да се използват други проекти с отворен код.
Избор на криптографски алгоритми¶
Ще предположа, че сте параноици като мен, затова ще използвам следната команда за генериране на частни ключове:
pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label root
Но ако сте по-малко параноични от мен, можете спокойно да изберете следните опции:
pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp256r1 --label root
pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type rsa:4096 --label root
По същия начин в тази статия ще използвам алгоритъма sha512, но спокойно може да се използва и sha256.
Подготовка за стартиране¶
Като начало трябва да изберете директория, в която да съхранявате вашия CA.
pki_dir=/opt/certificate-authority
mkdir $pki_dir
cd $pki_dir
mkdir certs config crl newcerts intermediate intermediate/certs intermediate/crl intermediate/csr intermediate/newcerts
touch index.txt intermediate/index.txt
cd config
Инсталирайте необходимите инструменти:
# Arch Linux
pacman -S community/opensc community/libp11
# Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install opensc gnutls-bin
За Windows изтеглете официалните ОpenSC версии и се уверете, че сте инсталирали p11tool, както е описано. Използването на PowerShell повечето команди трябва да е идентично, стига и двата инструмента и техните двоични файлове да са в рамките на вашия PATH.
Създаване на коренния удостоверяващ орган¶
Започваме с генериране на частния ключ за органа за издаване на сертификати директно на Nitrokey HSM. Това ни позволява да използваме частния ключ в бъдеще, но не и да имаме достъп до него.
# Generate private key on HSM
$ pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label root
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)".
Please enter User PIN:
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
label: root
ID: e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675
Usage: sign, derive
Access: none
Public Key Object; EC EC_POINT 384 bits
EC_POINT: 046104c1e7b40e1ef9e5d47399aeeda695026c9eb626462059eb696e8f2b647b42d64ac3b7fc7a5b31aa3edf9bce46b2cdcf8e5d190b13601d3d14ffb119c8cf60033c6b78ba579b85113ca536eef1cf85ba418ff0110a56ec881b329e0562e090a3e7
EC_PARAMS: 06052b81040022
label: root
ID: e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675
Usage: verify, derive
Access: none
Обърнете внимание на идентификационния номер (e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675), който ще ни е необходим по-късно.
Ако идентификаторът ви е необходим в бъдеще, можете да направите списък на ключовете в Nitrokey HSM:
pkcs11-tool -O
Трябва да създадем конфигурационен файл за генериране на самоподписан публичен сертификат.
vim create_root_cert.ini
Попълнете информацията за заявка в <ъгловите скоби> с информация за вашия CA.
[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default
[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir = /opt/certificate-authority
certs = $dir/certs
crl_dir = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts
database = $dir/index.txt
serial = $dir/serial
# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md = sha512
name_opt = ca_default
cert_opt = ca_default
default_days = 375
preserve = no
policy = policy_strict
[ policy_strict ]
# The root CA should only sign intermediate certificates that match.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of `man ca`.
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits = 4096
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
string_mask = utf8only
prompt = no
# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md = sha512
[ req_distinguished_name ]
C = <two lettter country>
ST = <full state name>
O = <your company>
OU = <your company> Certificate Authority
CN = <your company> Root CA
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign
Генерирайте собственоръчно подписан публичен сертификат от частния ключ. Използвайте идентификационната стойност на частния ключ от по-рано.
$ openssl req -config create_root_cert.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -key e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675 -new -x509 -days 3650 -sha512 -extensions v3_ca -out ../certs/root.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Проверете дали кореновият сертификат е генериран правилно. Уверете се, че алгоритъмът на подписа съответства на горния и долния. Проверете дали Issuer (Издател) и Subject (Субект) съвпадат, всички коренови сертификати са самоподписани. Проверете дали Key Usage (Използване на ключове) съвпада с това, което е било в информацията за v3_ca в нашия конфигурационен файл.
$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ../certs/root.crt
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
25:ac:e1:36:75:67:26:1d:bb:96:4b:84:c2:2d:83:25:7b:cc:e0:e5
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
Issuer: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
Validity
Not Before: Aug 18 20:13:20 2020 GMT
Not After : Aug 16 20:13:20 2030 GMT
Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
Public-Key: (384 bit)
pub:
04:c1:e7:b4:0e:1e:f9:e5:d4:73:99:ae:ed:a6:95:
02:6c:9e:b6:26:46:20:59:eb:69:6e:8f:2b:64:7b:
42:d6:4a:c3:b7:fc:7a:5b:31:aa:3e:df:9b:ce:46:
b2:cd:cf:8e:5d:19:0b:13:60:1d:3d:14:ff:b1:19:
c8:cf:60:03:3c:6b:78:ba:57:9b:85:11:3c:a5:36:
ee:f1:cf:85:ba:41:8f:f0:11:0a:56:ec:88:1b:32:
9e:05:62:e0:90:a3:e7
ASN1 OID: secp384r1
NIST CURVE: P-384
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
30:64:02:30:53:b8:b6:5a:41:4b:4f:6a:d1:a6:76:88:df:13:
d6:da:c7:48:aa:8b:aa:ff:13:6c:d1:00:53:90:92:b5:71:57:
eb:d0:bf:3e:5d:2e:62:c0:3e:40:0f:64:25:a5:92:0f:02:30:
15:0a:19:d5:a2:09:86:d8:9d:07:67:71:c3:84:f2:6b:90:20:
2d:29:10:9e:4c:73:7a:55:56:4b:dc:fe:8d:3f:f0:9c:20:e1:
5a:74:fb:41:86:ad:a4:66:61:74:d7:fd
Създаване на междинен орган за издаване на сертификати¶
Продължаваме с генериране на частния ключ за междинния орган за издаване на сертификати директно в Nitrokey HSM. Това ни позволява да използваме частния ключ в бъдеще, но не и да имаме достъп до него.
# Generate private key on HSM
$ pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label intermediate
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)".
Please enter User PIN:
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
label: intermediate
ID: bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639
Usage: sign, derive
Access: none
Public Key Object; EC EC_POINT 384 bits
EC_POINT: 046104d0fb5c0cd10c0b6e4d0f6986755824b624ec9fcd8ff9ae5f0109fe6ff3ad887ca760717da894f3ff84dc8c24fe8c93b0cd840a6aa941bb2866c061cef60e47b893d71852b50d6762af10c951426e55ec8925a6cd83aeae1730311108afdbcdee
EC_PARAMS: 06052b81040022
label: intermediate
ID: bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639
Usage: verify, derive
Access: none
Обърнете внимание на идентификационния номер (bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639), който ще ни е необходим по-късно.
Ако идентификаторът ви е необходим в бъдеще, можете да направите списък на ключовете в Nitrokey HSM:
pkcs11-tool -O
Трябва да създадем конфигурационен файл за генериране на самоподписан публичен сертификат.
vim create_intermediate_csr.ini
Попълнете информацията за заявка в <ъгловите скоби> с информация за вашия CA.
[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits = 4096
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
string_mask = utf8only
prompt = no
# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign
default_md = sha512
[ req_distinguished_name ]
C = <two lettter country>
ST = <full state name>
O = <your company>
OU = <your company> Certificate Authority
CN = <your company> Intermediate CA
Генериране на заявка за подписване на сертификат за междинния CA от частния ключ на междинния CA. Използвайте идентификационната стойност на частния ключ от по-рано.
$ openssl req -config create_intermediate_csr.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -key bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639 -new -sha512 -out ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr
engine "pkcs11" set.
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Проверете дали CSR е създаден правилно. Проверете дали обектът ви е правилен. Проверете дали публичният ключ и алгоритъмът за подписване са правилни.
$ openssl req -text -noout -verify -in ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr
verify OK
Certificate Request:
Data:
Version: 1 (0x0)
Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Intermediate CA
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
Public-Key: (384 bit)
pub:
04:d0:fb:5c:0c:d1:0c:0b:6e:4d:0f:69:86:75:58:
24:b6:24:ec:9f:cd:8f:f9:ae:5f:01:09:fe:6f:f3:
ad:88:7c:a7:60:71:7d:a8:94:f3:ff:84:dc:8c:24:
fe:8c:93:b0:cd:84:0a:6a:a9:41:bb:28:66:c0:61:
ce:f6:0e:47:b8:93:d7:18:52:b5:0d:67:62:af:10:
c9:51:42:6e:55:ec:89:25:a6:cd:83:ae:ae:17:30:
31:11:08:af:db:cd:ee
ASN1 OID: secp384r1
NIST CURVE: P-384
Attributes:
a0:00
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
30:64:02:30:6a:1d:75:8b:59:99:2c:a8:5d:a0:7f:02:7d:9a:
aa:40:74:7a:65:20:03:6b:bc:65:fb:7d:d1:7f:5b:24:ae:6f:
40:16:ac:82:0b:80:9b:81:f9:d9:64:ea:0f:41:4c:d7:02:30:
4d:28:7f:e3:76:52:c7:10:e1:bd:b7:2e:ea:65:78:41:0c:96:
50:5f:e9:1f:be:18:ac:14:ba:65:3f:b0:2a:f4:0f:d0:56:ab:
d0:8c:bf:d0:92:9e:f6:e5:f6:8a:af:a5
Трябва да открием напълно квалифицирания PKCS#11 URI за вашия частен ключ:
$ p11tool --list-all
warning: no token URL was provided for this operation; the available tokens are:
pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00
$ p11tool --login --list-all pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00
Token 'SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00' requires user PIN
Enter PIN:
Object 0:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: root
Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75
Object 1:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=public
Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: root
ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75
Object 2:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: intermediate
Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39
Object 3:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=public
Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: intermediate
ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39
В този случай напълно квалифицираният PKCS#11 URI е:
pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
Сега трябва да създадем файл с конфигурация, за да използваме частния ключ на главния сертификат за подписване на csr на междинния сертификат.
vim sign_intermediate_csr.ini
[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default
[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir = /opt/certificate-authority
certs = $dir/certs
crl_dir = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts
database = $dir/index.txt
serial = $dir/serial
# The root key and root certificate.
private_key = pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
certificate = ../certs/root.crt
# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md = sha512
name_opt = ca_default
cert_opt = ca_default
default_days = 375
preserve = no
policy = policy_loose
[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign
След това подпишете междинния сертификат с основния сертификат.
$ openssl ca -config sign_intermediate_csr.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -extensions v3_intermediate_ca -days 1825 -notext -md sha512 -create_serial -in ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr -out ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Using configuration from sign_intermediate_csr.ini
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number:
35:47:4d:05:12:cc:e1:a8:b6:bf:dd:3e:c8:29:7b:18:c0:a1:5c:68
Validity
Not Before: Aug 18 20:44:17 2020 GMT
Not After : Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT
Subject:
countryName = US
stateOrProvinceName = My State
organizationName = My Company
organizationalUnitName = My Company Certificate Authority
commonName = My Company Intermediate CA
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Certificate is to be certified until Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT (1825 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
Проверете дали кореновият сертификат е генериран правилно. Проверете дали издателят и субектът са различни и правилни. Проверете дали Key Usage (Използване на ключа) съответства на файла с конфигурацията. Проверете дали алгоритъмът за подписване е горе-долу правилен.
$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
35:47:4d:05:12:cc:e1:a8:b6:bf:dd:3e:c8:29:7b:18:c0:a1:5c:68
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
Issuer: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
Validity
Not Before: Aug 18 20:44:17 2020 GMT
Not After : Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT
Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Intermediate CA
Subject Public Key Info:
Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
Public-Key: (384 bit)
pub:
04:d0:fb:5c:0c:d1:0c:0b:6e:4d:0f:69:86:75:58:
24:b6:24:ec:9f:cd:8f:f9:ae:5f:01:09:fe:6f:f3:
ad:88:7c:a7:60:71:7d:a8:94:f3:ff:84:dc:8c:24:
fe:8c:93:b0:cd:84:0a:6a:a9:41:bb:28:66:c0:61:
ce:f6:0e:47:b8:93:d7:18:52:b5:0d:67:62:af:10:
c9:51:42:6e:55:ec:89:25:a6:cd:83:ae:ae:17:30:
31:11:08:af:db:cd:ee
ASN1 OID: secp384r1
NIST CURVE: P-384
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41
X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
30:66:02:31:00:9a:6e:08:d2:d6:3a:29:f6:ba:0c:4c:3a:f4:
af:40:5e:e0:71:f2:bc:e4:47:f5:b4:ee:10:d7:27:b1:25:0b:
4b:09:78:a1:b8:f2:b8:71:c5:4e:41:33:8e:64:db:ec:eb:02:
31:00:fc:39:26:c2:ad:7b:3c:ab:75:06:34:02:47:79:40:31:
1d:eb:17:ad:32:10:67:97:37:6f:7f:3c:ce:3e:12:3c:e9:7c:
fa:43:3e:34:5d:5e:f4:f3:2f:fd:6a:2f:14:da
Проверете дали междинният сертификат се проверява спрямо основния сертификат.
$ openssl verify -CAfile ../certs/root.crt ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt: OK
Създаване на файл с веригата на сертификата:
cat ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt ../certs/root.crt > ../intermediate/certs/chain.crt
Вече имате орган за издаване на сертификати, подкрепен от HSM.
Подписване на сертификат на сървър¶
След като вече имате орган за издаване на сертификати, вероятно бихте искали да знаете как да го използвате.
Създайте CSR по обичайния за вашето приложение метод. Правилното създаване на вашия сертификат, включително SAN, за вашето конкретно приложение е извън обхвата на този документ.
Трябва да открием напълно квалифицирания PKCS#11 URI за вашия частен ключ:
$ p11tool --list-all
warning: no token URL was provided for this operation; the available tokens are:
*pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00*
$ p11tool --login --list-all pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00
Token 'SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00' requires user PIN
Enter PIN:
Object 0:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: root
Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75
Object 1:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=public
Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: root
ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75
Object 2:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: intermediate
Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39
Object 3:
URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=public
Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
Label: intermediate
ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39
В този случай напълно квалифицираният PKCS#11 URI е:
pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
Създайте конфигурационен файл, за да използвате частния ключ на междинния сертификат за подписване на CSR на вашите сървъри.
vim sign_server_csrs.ini
[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default
[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir = /opt/certificate-authority/intermediate
certs = $dir/certs
crl_dir = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts
database = $dir/index.txt
serial = $dir/serial
# The root key and root certificate.
private_key = pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
certificate = $dir/certs/intermediate.crt
# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md = sha512
name_opt = ca_default
cert_opt = ca_default
default_days = 375
preserve = no
policy = policy_loose
[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
[ server_cert ]
# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = server
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
След това стартирайте openssl, за да подпишете CSR на сървъра.
$ openssl ca -config sign_server_csrs.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -extensions server_cert -days 375 -notext -md sha512 -create_serial -in server_cert.csr -out server_cert.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Using configuration from sign_server_csrs.ini
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number:
40:7f:dc:90:b0:3a:1b:fb:d3:e2:74:8d:40:28:a8:12:f7:7e:c3:74
Validity
Not Before: Aug 18 21:32:42 2020 GMT
Not After : Aug 28 21:32:42 2021 GMT
Subject:
countryName = US
stateOrProvinceName = My State
organizationName = My Company
organizationalUnitName = media
commonName = media
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Cert Type:
SSL Server
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
26:89:19:95:6C:93:8C:DD:6E:AA:61:D5:C0:E6:78:CC:F1:47:64:FC
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
DirName:/C=US/ST=My State/O=My Company/OU=My Company Certificate Authority/CN=My Company Root CA
serial:35:47:4D:05:12:CC:E1:A8:B6:BF:DD:3E:C8:29:7B:18:C0:A1:5C:68
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication
Certificate is to be certified until Aug 28 21:32:42 2021 GMT (375 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
Препратки¶
За съставянето на този документ използвах следните източници.
Този документ първоначално е написан от lyntux