Creación de una autoridad de certificación#

Este artículo muestra cómo configurar su propia autoridad de certificación privada respaldada por un HSM Nitrokey. Esta autoridad de certificación no tiene automatización y no es realmente escalable. Otros proyectos de código abierto pueden ser referenciados para la automatización y la escalabilidad.

Elegir algoritmos criptográficos#

Voy a asumir que eres tan paranoico como yo, así que voy a utilizar el siguiente comando para generar claves privadas:

pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label root

Pero, si eres menos paranoico que yo, puedes elegir con seguridad las siguientes opciones:

pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp256r1 --label root
pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type rsa:4096 --label root

Asimismo, utilizaré el algoritmo sha512 a lo largo de este artículo, pero también se puede utilizar sha256.

Preparando el inicio#

Para empezar, tienes que elegir un directorio para almacenar tu CA.

pki_dir=/opt/certificate-authority
mkdir $pki_dir
cd $pki_dir
mkdir certs config crl newcerts intermediate intermediate/certs intermediate/crl intermediate/csr intermediate/newcerts
touch index.txt intermediate/index.txt
cd config

Instala las herramientas necesarias:

# Arch Linux
pacman -S community/opensc community/libp11

# Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install opensc gnutls-bin

Para Windows descarga las versiones oficiales de OpenSC y asegúrate de instalar p11tool como se describe. Usando el PowerShell la mayoría de los comandos deberían ser idénticos siempre que ambas herramientas y sus binarios estén dentro de su PATH.

Creación de la Autoridad de Certificación Raíz#

Comenzamos generando la clave privada de la autoridad de certificación directamente en el HSM de Nitrokey. Esto nos permite utilizar la clave privada en el futuro, pero no acceder a ella.

# Generate private key on HSM
$ pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label root
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)".
Please enter User PIN:
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
  label:      root
  ID:         e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675
  Usage:      sign, derive
  Access:     none
Public Key Object; EC  EC_POINT 384 bits
  EC_POINT:   046104c1e7b40e1ef9e5d47399aeeda695026c9eb626462059eb696e8f2b647b42d64ac3b7fc7a5b31aa3edf9bce46b2cdcf8e5d190b13601d3d14ffb119c8cf60033c6b78ba579b85113ca536eef1cf85ba418ff0110a56ec881b329e0562e090a3e7
  EC_PARAMS:  06052b81040022
  label:      root
  ID:         e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675
  Usage:      verify, derive
  Access:     none

Anote el número de identificación (e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675), lo necesitaremos más adelante.

Si en el futuro necesita la identificación, puede enumerar las llaves en el HSM de Nitrokey:

pkcs11-tool -O

Necesitamos crear un archivo de configuración para generar un certificado público autofirmado.

vim create_root_cert.ini

Rellene la solicitud de información entre <paréntesis angulares< con la información de su CA.

[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /opt/certificate-authority
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 375
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_strict

[ policy_strict ]
# The root CA should only sign intermediate certificates that match.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of `man ca`.
countryName             = match
stateOrProvinceName     = match
organizationName        = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 4096
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only
prompt              = no

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md          = sha512

[ req_distinguished_name ]
C                   = <two lettter country>
ST                  = <full state name>
O                   = <your company>
OU                  = <your company> Certificate Authority
CN                  = <your company> Root CA

[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

Genera el certificado público autofirmado a partir de la clave privada. Utilice el valor de identificación de la clave privada de antes.

$ openssl req -config create_root_cert.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -key e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675 -new -x509 -days 3650 -sha512 -extensions v3_ca -out ../certs/root.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):

Compruebe que el certificado raíz se ha generado correctamente. Verifique que el Algoritmo de Firma coincida con el anterior y con el siguiente. Verificar que el Emisor y el Sujeto coinciden, todos los certificados raíz son autofirmados. Verificar que Key Usage coincide con la información de v3_ca en nuestro archivo de configuración.

$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ../certs/root.crt
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            25:ac:e1:36:75:67:26:1d:bb:96:4b:84:c2:2d:83:25:7b:cc:e0:e5
        Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
        Issuer: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 20:13:20 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 16 20:13:20 2030 GMT
        Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (384 bit)
                pub:
                    04:c1:e7:b4:0e:1e:f9:e5:d4:73:99:ae:ed:a6:95:
                    02:6c:9e:b6:26:46:20:59:eb:69:6e:8f:2b:64:7b:
                    42:d6:4a:c3:b7:fc:7a:5b:31:aa:3e:df:9b:ce:46:
                    b2:cd:cf:8e:5d:19:0b:13:60:1d:3d:14:ff:b1:19:
                    c8:cf:60:03:3c:6b:78:ba:57:9b:85:11:3c:a5:36:
                    ee:f1:cf:85:ba:41:8f:f0:11:0a:56:ec:88:1b:32:
                    9e:05:62:e0:90:a3:e7
                ASN1 OID: secp384r1
                NIST CURVE: P-384
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
         30:64:02:30:53:b8:b6:5a:41:4b:4f:6a:d1:a6:76:88:df:13:
         d6:da:c7:48:aa:8b:aa:ff:13:6c:d1:00:53:90:92:b5:71:57:
         eb:d0:bf:3e:5d:2e:62:c0:3e:40:0f:64:25:a5:92:0f:02:30:
         15:0a:19:d5:a2:09:86:d8:9d:07:67:71:c3:84:f2:6b:90:20:
         2d:29:10:9e:4c:73:7a:55:56:4b:dc:fe:8d:3f:f0:9c:20:e1:
         5a:74:fb:41:86:ad:a4:66:61:74:d7:fd

Creación de la autoridad de certificación intermedia#

Continuamos generando la clave privada de la autoridad de certificación intermedia directamente en el HSM de Nitrokey. Esto nos permite utilizar la clave privada en el futuro, pero no acceder a ella.

# Generate private key on HSM
$ pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label intermediate
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)".
Please enter User PIN:
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
  label:      intermediate
  ID:         bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639
  Usage:      sign, derive
  Access:     none
Public Key Object; EC  EC_POINT 384 bits
  EC_POINT:   046104d0fb5c0cd10c0b6e4d0f6986755824b624ec9fcd8ff9ae5f0109fe6ff3ad887ca760717da894f3ff84dc8c24fe8c93b0cd840a6aa941bb2866c061cef60e47b893d71852b50d6762af10c951426e55ec8925a6cd83aeae1730311108afdbcdee
  EC_PARAMS:  06052b81040022
  label:      intermediate
  ID:         bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639
  Usage:      verify, derive
  Access:     none

Anota el número de identificación (bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639), lo necesitaremos más adelante.

Si en el futuro necesita la identificación, puede enumerar las llaves en el HSM de Nitrokey:

pkcs11-tool -O

Necesitamos crear un archivo de configuración para generar un certificado público autofirmado.

vim create_intermediate_csr.ini

Rellene la solicitud de información entre <paréntesis angulares< con la información de su CA.

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 4096
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only
prompt              = no

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign
default_md          = sha512

[ req_distinguished_name ]
C                   = <two lettter country>
ST                  = <full state name>
O                   = <your company>
OU                  = <your company> Certificate Authority
CN                  = <your company> Intermediate CA

Genere la solicitud de firma de certificado para la CA intermedia a partir de la clave privada de la CA intermedia. Utilice el valor de ID de la clave privada de antes.

$ openssl req -config create_intermediate_csr.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -key bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639 -new -sha512 -out ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr
engine "pkcs11" set.
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):

Compruebe que el CSR se ha creado correctamente. Compruebe que el asunto es correcto. Compruebe que su clave pública y su algoritmo de firma son correctos.

$ openssl req -text -noout -verify -in ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr
verify OK
Certificate Request:
    Data:
        Version: 1 (0x0)
        Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Intermediate CA
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (384 bit)
                pub:
                    04:d0:fb:5c:0c:d1:0c:0b:6e:4d:0f:69:86:75:58:
                    24:b6:24:ec:9f:cd:8f:f9:ae:5f:01:09:fe:6f:f3:
                    ad:88:7c:a7:60:71:7d:a8:94:f3:ff:84:dc:8c:24:
                    fe:8c:93:b0:cd:84:0a:6a:a9:41:bb:28:66:c0:61:
                    ce:f6:0e:47:b8:93:d7:18:52:b5:0d:67:62:af:10:
                    c9:51:42:6e:55:ec:89:25:a6:cd:83:ae:ae:17:30:
                    31:11:08:af:db:cd:ee
                ASN1 OID: secp384r1
                NIST CURVE: P-384
        Attributes:
            a0:00
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
         30:64:02:30:6a:1d:75:8b:59:99:2c:a8:5d:a0:7f:02:7d:9a:
         aa:40:74:7a:65:20:03:6b:bc:65:fb:7d:d1:7f:5b:24:ae:6f:
         40:16:ac:82:0b:80:9b:81:f9:d9:64:ea:0f:41:4c:d7:02:30:
         4d:28:7f:e3:76:52:c7:10:e1:bd:b7:2e:ea:65:78:41:0c:96:
         50:5f:e9:1f:be:18:ac:14:ba:65:3f:b0:2a:f4:0f:d0:56:ab:
         d0:8c:bf:d0:92:9e:f6:e5:f6:8a:af:a5

Necesitamos averiguar el URI PKCS#11 completamente cualificado de su clave privada:

$ p11tool --list-all
warning: no token URL was provided for this operation; the available tokens are:

pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00

$ p11tool --login --list-all pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00
Token 'SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00' requires user PIN
Enter PIN:
Object 0:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 1:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 2:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

Object 3:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

En este caso, el URI PKCS#11 completo es:

pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private

Ahora, necesitamos crear un archivo de configuración para utilizar la clave privada del certificado raíz para firmar el csr del certificado intermedio.

vim sign_intermediate_csr.ini
[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /opt/certificate-authority
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
certificate       = ../certs/root.crt

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 375
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_loose

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

A continuación, firme el certificado intermedio con el certificado raíz.

$ openssl ca -config sign_intermediate_csr.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -extensions v3_intermediate_ca -days 1825 -notext -md sha512 -create_serial -in ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr -out ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Using configuration from sign_intermediate_csr.ini
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number:
            35:47:4d:05:12:cc:e1:a8:b6:bf:dd:3e:c8:29:7b:18:c0:a1:5c:68
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 20:44:17 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = US
            stateOrProvinceName       = My State
            organizationName          = My Company
            organizationalUnitName    = My Company Certificate Authority
            commonName                = My Company Intermediate CA
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Certificate is to be certified until Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT (1825 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

Compruebe que el certificado raíz se ha generado correctamente. Verifique que el Emisor y el Sujeto son diferentes, y correctos. Verificar que el uso de la clave coincide con el archivo de configuración. Verificar que el algoritmo de firma es correcto por arriba y por abajo.

$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            35:47:4d:05:12:cc:e1:a8:b6:bf:dd:3e:c8:29:7b:18:c0:a1:5c:68
        Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
        Issuer: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 20:44:17 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT
        Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Intermediate CA
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (384 bit)
                pub:
                    04:d0:fb:5c:0c:d1:0c:0b:6e:4d:0f:69:86:75:58:
                    24:b6:24:ec:9f:cd:8f:f9:ae:5f:01:09:fe:6f:f3:
                    ad:88:7c:a7:60:71:7d:a8:94:f3:ff:84:dc:8c:24:
                    fe:8c:93:b0:cd:84:0a:6a:a9:41:bb:28:66:c0:61:
                    ce:f6:0e:47:b8:93:d7:18:52:b5:0d:67:62:af:10:
                    c9:51:42:6e:55:ec:89:25:a6:cd:83:ae:ae:17:30:
                    31:11:08:af:db:cd:ee
                ASN1 OID: secp384r1
                NIST CURVE: P-384
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
         30:66:02:31:00:9a:6e:08:d2:d6:3a:29:f6:ba:0c:4c:3a:f4:
         af:40:5e:e0:71:f2:bc:e4:47:f5:b4:ee:10:d7:27:b1:25:0b:
         4b:09:78:a1:b8:f2:b8:71:c5:4e:41:33:8e:64:db:ec:eb:02:
         31:00:fc:39:26:c2:ad:7b:3c:ab:75:06:34:02:47:79:40:31:
         1d:eb:17:ad:32:10:67:97:37:6f:7f:3c:ce:3e:12:3c:e9:7c:
         fa:43:3e:34:5d:5e:f4:f3:2f:fd:6a:2f:14:da

Compruebe que el certificado intermedio se verifica con el certificado raíz.

$ openssl verify -CAfile ../certs/root.crt ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt: OK

Crear un archivo de cadena de certificados:

cat ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt ../certs/root.crt > ../intermediate/certs/chain.crt

Ahora tiene una autoridad de certificación respaldada por un HSM.

Firmar un certificado de servidor#

Ahora que tiene una autoridad de certificación, probablemente le gustaría saber cómo utilizarla.

Cree una CSR en el método normal para su aplicación. La creación adecuada de su certificado, incluyendo el SAN, para su aplicación particular está fuera del alcance de este documento.

Necesitamos averiguar el URI PKCS#11 completamente cualificado de su clave privada:

$ p11tool --list-all
warning: no token URL was provided for this operation; the available tokens are:

*pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00*

$ p11tool --login --list-all pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00
Token 'SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00' requires user PIN
Enter PIN:
Object 0:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 1:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 2:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

Object 3:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

En este caso, el URI PKCS#11 completo es:

pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private

Cree un archivo de configuración para utilizar la clave privada del certificado intermedio para firmar las CSR de sus servidores.

vim sign_server_csrs.ini
[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /opt/certificate-authority/intermediate
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
certificate       = $dir/certs/intermediate.crt

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 375
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_loose

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ server_cert ]
# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = server
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth

A continuación, ejecute openssl para firmar el CSR del servidor.

$ openssl ca -config sign_server_csrs.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -extensions server_cert -days 375 -notext -md sha512 -create_serial -in server_cert.csr -out server_cert.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Using configuration from sign_server_csrs.ini
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number:
            40:7f:dc:90:b0:3a:1b:fb:d3:e2:74:8d:40:28:a8:12:f7:7e:c3:74
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 21:32:42 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 28 21:32:42 2021 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = US
            stateOrProvinceName       = My State
            organizationName          = My Company
            organizationalUnitName    = media
            commonName                = media
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Cert Type:
                SSL Server
            Netscape Comment:
                OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                26:89:19:95:6C:93:8C:DD:6E:AA:61:D5:C0:E6:78:CC:F1:47:64:FC
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
                DirName:/C=US/ST=My State/O=My Company/OU=My Company Certificate Authority/CN=My Company Root CA
                serial:35:47:4D:05:12:CC:E1:A8:B6:BF:DD:3E:C8:29:7B:18:C0:A1:5C:68

            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
            X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
                TLS Web Server Authentication
Certificate is to be certified until Aug 28 21:32:42 2021 GMT (375 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

Referencias#

He utilizado los siguientes recursos como ayuda para la elaboración de este documento.

Este documento fue originalmente escrito por lyntux