Skapa en certifikatutfärdare

Nitrokey 3	Nitrokey Passkey	Nitrokey FIDO2	Nitrokey U2F	Nitrokey HSM 2	Nitrokey Pro 2	Nitrokey Start	Nitrokey Storage 2
✓	⨯	⨯	⨯	✓	✓	✓	✓

Den här artikeln visar hur du konfigurerar din egen privata certifikatutfärdare med stöd av en Nitrokey HSM. Denna certifikatutfärdare har ingen automatisering och är inte riktigt skalbar. Andra projekt med öppen källkod kan refereras för automatisering och skalbarhet.

Välj kryptografiska algoritmer

Jag antar att du är lika paranoid som jag, så jag kommer att använda följande kommando för att generera privata nycklar:

pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label root

Men om du är mindre paranoid än jag kan du välja följande alternativ:

pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp256r1 --label root
pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type rsa:4096 --label root

På samma sätt kommer jag att använda algoritmen sha512 i den här artikeln, men sha256 kan också användas utan problem.

Förberedelser för att börja

Till att börja med måste du välja en katalog för att lagra din CA.

pki_dir=/opt/certificate-authority
mkdir $pki_dir
cd $pki_dir
mkdir certs config crl newcerts intermediate intermediate/certs intermediate/crl intermediate/csr intermediate/newcerts
touch index.txt intermediate/index.txt
cd config

Installera de nödvändiga verktygen:

# Arch Linux
pacman -S community/opensc community/libp11

# Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install opensc gnutls-bin

För Windows laddar du ner de officiella OpenSC-versionerna och ser till att du installerar p11tool enligt beskrivningen. Med hjälp av PowerShell bör de flesta kommandon vara identiska så länge som båda verktygen och deras binärer finns i din PATH.

Skapa rotcertifikatmyndigheten

Vi börjar med att generera den privata nyckeln för certifikatutfärdaren direkt på Nitrokey HSM. Detta gör att vi kan använda den privata nyckeln i framtiden, men inte komma åt den.

# Generate private key on HSM
$ pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label root
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)".
Please enter User PIN:
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
  label:      root
  ID:         e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675
  Usage:      sign, derive
  Access:     none
Public Key Object; EC  EC_POINT 384 bits
  EC_POINT:   046104c1e7b40e1ef9e5d47399aeeda695026c9eb626462059eb696e8f2b647b42d64ac3b7fc7a5b31aa3edf9bce46b2cdcf8e5d190b13601d3d14ffb119c8cf60033c6b78ba579b85113ca536eef1cf85ba418ff0110a56ec881b329e0562e090a3e7
  EC_PARAMS:  06052b81040022
  label:      root
  ID:         e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675
  Usage:      verify, derive
  Access:     none

Notera ID-numret (e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675), vi kommer att behöva det senare.

Om du behöver ID i framtiden kan du lista nycklarna på Nitrokey HSM:

pkcs11-tool -O

Vi måste skapa en konfigurationsfil för att generera ett självsignerat offentligt certifikat.

vim create_root_cert.ini

Fyll i förfrågningsunderlaget inom <hörnparenteser> med information om din CA.

[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /opt/certificate-authority
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 375
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_strict

[ policy_strict ]
# The root CA should only sign intermediate certificates that match.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of `man ca`.
countryName             = match
stateOrProvinceName     = match
organizationName        = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 4096
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only
prompt              = no

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md          = sha512

[ req_distinguished_name ]
C                   = <two lettter country>
ST                  = <full state name>
O                   = <your company>
OU                  = <your company> Certificate Authority
CN                  = <your company> Root CA

[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

Generera det självsignerade offentliga certifikatet från den privata nyckeln. Använd id-värdet för den privata nyckeln från tidigare.

$ openssl req -config create_root_cert.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -key e0161cc8b6f5d66ac6835ecdecb623fc0506a675 -new -x509 -days 3650 -sha512 -extensions v3_ca -out ../certs/root.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):

Kontrollera att rotcertifikatet genererades korrekt. Kontrollera att Signature-Algorithm stämmer överens med ovanstående och nedanstående. Kontrollera att Issuer och Subject stämmer överens, alla rotcertifikat är självsignerade. Kontrollera att Key Usage stämmer överens med vad som stod i v3_ca-informationen i vår konfigurationsfil.

$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ../certs/root.crt
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            25:ac:e1:36:75:67:26:1d:bb:96:4b:84:c2:2d:83:25:7b:cc:e0:e5
        Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
        Issuer: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 20:13:20 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 16 20:13:20 2030 GMT
        Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (384 bit)
                pub:
                    04:c1:e7:b4:0e:1e:f9:e5:d4:73:99:ae:ed:a6:95:
                    02:6c:9e:b6:26:46:20:59:eb:69:6e:8f:2b:64:7b:
                    42:d6:4a:c3:b7:fc:7a:5b:31:aa:3e:df:9b:ce:46:
                    b2:cd:cf:8e:5d:19:0b:13:60:1d:3d:14:ff:b1:19:
                    c8:cf:60:03:3c:6b:78:ba:57:9b:85:11:3c:a5:36:
                    ee:f1:cf:85:ba:41:8f:f0:11:0a:56:ec:88:1b:32:
                    9e:05:62:e0:90:a3:e7
                ASN1 OID: secp384r1
                NIST CURVE: P-384
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
         30:64:02:30:53:b8:b6:5a:41:4b:4f:6a:d1:a6:76:88:df:13:
         d6:da:c7:48:aa:8b:aa:ff:13:6c:d1:00:53:90:92:b5:71:57:
         eb:d0:bf:3e:5d:2e:62:c0:3e:40:0f:64:25:a5:92:0f:02:30:
         15:0a:19:d5:a2:09:86:d8:9d:07:67:71:c3:84:f2:6b:90:20:
         2d:29:10:9e:4c:73:7a:55:56:4b:dc:fe:8d:3f:f0:9c:20:e1:
         5a:74:fb:41:86:ad:a4:66:61:74:d7:fd

Skapa en mellanliggande certifikatutfärdare

Vi fortsätter med att generera den privata nyckeln för den mellanliggande certifikatmyndigheten direkt på Nitrokey HSM. Detta gör att vi kan använda den privata nyckeln i framtiden, men inte komma åt den.

# Generate private key on HSM
$ pkcs11-tool -l --keypairgen --key-type EC:secp384r1 --label intermediate
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)".
Please enter User PIN:
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
  label:      intermediate
  ID:         bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639
  Usage:      sign, derive
  Access:     none
Public Key Object; EC  EC_POINT 384 bits
  EC_POINT:   046104d0fb5c0cd10c0b6e4d0f6986755824b624ec9fcd8ff9ae5f0109fe6ff3ad887ca760717da894f3ff84dc8c24fe8c93b0cd840a6aa941bb2866c061cef60e47b893d71852b50d6762af10c951426e55ec8925a6cd83aeae1730311108afdbcdee
  EC_PARAMS:  06052b81040022
  label:      intermediate
  ID:         bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639
  Usage:      verify, derive
  Access:     none

Notera ID-numret (bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639), vi kommer att behöva det senare.

Om du behöver ID i framtiden kan du lista nycklarna på Nitrokey HSM:

pkcs11-tool -O

Vi måste skapa en konfigurationsfil för att generera ett självsignerat offentligt certifikat.

vim create_intermediate_csr.ini

Fyll i förfrågningsunderlaget inom <hörnparenteser> med information om din CA.

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 4096
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only
prompt              = no

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign
default_md          = sha512

[ req_distinguished_name ]
C                   = <two lettter country>
ST                  = <full state name>
O                   = <your company>
OU                  = <your company> Certificate Authority
CN                  = <your company> Intermediate CA

Generera begäran om certifikatsignering för den mellanliggande certifikatutfärdaren från den mellanliggande certifikatutfärdarens privata nyckel. Använd ID-värdet för den privata nyckeln från tidigare.

$ openssl req -config create_intermediate_csr.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -key bcb48fe9b566ae61891aabbfde6a23d4ff3ab639 -new -sha512 -out ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr
engine "pkcs11" set.
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):

Kontrollera att CSR skapades korrekt. Kontrollera att ditt ämne är korrekt. Kontrollera att den offentliga nyckeln och signaturalgoritmen är korrekta.

$ openssl req -text -noout -verify -in ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr
verify OK
Certificate Request:
    Data:
        Version: 1 (0x0)
        Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Intermediate CA
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (384 bit)
                pub:
                    04:d0:fb:5c:0c:d1:0c:0b:6e:4d:0f:69:86:75:58:
                    24:b6:24:ec:9f:cd:8f:f9:ae:5f:01:09:fe:6f:f3:
                    ad:88:7c:a7:60:71:7d:a8:94:f3:ff:84:dc:8c:24:
                    fe:8c:93:b0:cd:84:0a:6a:a9:41:bb:28:66:c0:61:
                    ce:f6:0e:47:b8:93:d7:18:52:b5:0d:67:62:af:10:
                    c9:51:42:6e:55:ec:89:25:a6:cd:83:ae:ae:17:30:
                    31:11:08:af:db:cd:ee
                ASN1 OID: secp384r1
                NIST CURVE: P-384
        Attributes:
            a0:00
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
         30:64:02:30:6a:1d:75:8b:59:99:2c:a8:5d:a0:7f:02:7d:9a:
         aa:40:74:7a:65:20:03:6b:bc:65:fb:7d:d1:7f:5b:24:ae:6f:
         40:16:ac:82:0b:80:9b:81:f9:d9:64:ea:0f:41:4c:d7:02:30:
         4d:28:7f:e3:76:52:c7:10:e1:bd:b7:2e:ea:65:78:41:0c:96:
         50:5f:e9:1f:be:18:ac:14:ba:65:3f:b0:2a:f4:0f:d0:56:ab:
         d0:8c:bf:d0:92:9e:f6:e5:f6:8a:af:a5

Vi behöver ta reda på den fullt kvalificerade PKCS#11-URI:n för din privata nyckel:

$ p11tool --list-all
warning: no token URL was provided for this operation; the available tokens are:

pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00

$ p11tool --login --list-all pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00
Token 'SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00' requires user PIN
Enter PIN:
Object 0:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 1:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 2:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

Object 3:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

I det här fallet är den fullständigt kvalificerade PKCS#11-URI:n:

pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private

Nu måste vi skapa en konfigurationsfil för att använda rotcertifikatets privata nyckel för att signera mellancertifikatets csr.

vim sign_intermediate_csr.ini

[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /opt/certificate-authority
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
certificate       = ../certs/root.crt

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 375
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_loose

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

Signera sedan det mellanliggande certifikatet med rotcertifikatet.

$ openssl ca -config sign_intermediate_csr.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -extensions v3_intermediate_ca -days 1825 -notext -md sha512 -create_serial -in ../intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr -out ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Using configuration from sign_intermediate_csr.ini
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number:
            35:47:4d:05:12:cc:e1:a8:b6:bf:dd:3e:c8:29:7b:18:c0:a1:5c:68
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 20:44:17 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = US
            stateOrProvinceName       = My State
            organizationName          = My Company
            organizationalUnitName    = My Company Certificate Authority
            commonName                = My Company Intermediate CA
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
Certificate is to be certified until Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT (1825 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

Kontrollera att rotcertifikatet genererades korrekt. Kontrollera att Issuer och Subject är olika och korrekta. Kontrollera att nyckelanvändningen stämmer överens med konfigurationsfilen. Kontrollera att signaturalgoritmen är korrekt ovan och nedan.

$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number:
            35:47:4d:05:12:cc:e1:a8:b6:bf:dd:3e:c8:29:7b:18:c0:a1:5c:68
        Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
        Issuer: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Root CA
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 20:44:17 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 17 20:44:17 2025 GMT
        Subject: C = US, ST = My State, O = My Company, OU = My Company Certificate Authority, CN = My Company Intermediate CA
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey
                Public-Key: (384 bit)
                pub:
                    04:d0:fb:5c:0c:d1:0c:0b:6e:4d:0f:69:86:75:58:
                    24:b6:24:ec:9f:cd:8f:f9:ae:5f:01:09:fe:6f:f3:
                    ad:88:7c:a7:60:71:7d:a8:94:f3:ff:84:dc:8c:24:
                    fe:8c:93:b0:cd:84:0a:6a:a9:41:bb:28:66:c0:61:
                    ce:f6:0e:47:b8:93:d7:18:52:b5:0d:67:62:af:10:
                    c9:51:42:6e:55:ec:89:25:a6:cd:83:ae:ae:17:30:
                    31:11:08:af:db:cd:ee
                ASN1 OID: secp384r1
                NIST CURVE: P-384
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:F1:FA:61:75:0B:AC:3C:95:97:EF:73:3C:3F:38:22:B1:DB:D9:BF:41

            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
    Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA512
         30:66:02:31:00:9a:6e:08:d2:d6:3a:29:f6:ba:0c:4c:3a:f4:
         af:40:5e:e0:71:f2:bc:e4:47:f5:b4:ee:10:d7:27:b1:25:0b:
         4b:09:78:a1:b8:f2:b8:71:c5:4e:41:33:8e:64:db:ec:eb:02:
         31:00:fc:39:26:c2:ad:7b:3c:ab:75:06:34:02:47:79:40:31:
         1d:eb:17:ad:32:10:67:97:37:6f:7f:3c:ce:3e:12:3c:e9:7c:
         fa:43:3e:34:5d:5e:f4:f3:2f:fd:6a:2f:14:da

Kontrollera att mellancertifikatet verifieras mot rotcertifikatet.

$ openssl verify -CAfile ../certs/root.crt ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt: OK

Skapa en certifikatkedjefil:

cat ../intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt ../certs/root.crt > ../intermediate/certs/chain.crt

Du har nu en certifikatutfärdare som stöds av en HSM.

Signera ett servercertifikat

Nu när du har en certifikatutfärdare vill du förmodligen veta hur du använder den.

Skapa en CSR på det sätt som är normalt för din applikation. Att korrekt skapa certifikatet, inklusive SAN, för just din tillämpning ligger utanför det här dokumentets räckvidd.

Vi behöver ta reda på den fullt kvalificerade PKCS#11-URI:n för din privata nyckel:

$ p11tool --list-all
warning: no token URL was provided for this operation; the available tokens are:

*pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00*

$ p11tool --login --list-all pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00
Token 'SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN)' with URL 'pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00' requires user PIN
Enter PIN:
Object 0:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 1:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%E0%16%1C%C8%B6%F5%D6%6A%C6%83%5E%CD%EC%B6%23%FC%05%06%A6%75;object=root;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: root
        ID: e0:16:1c:c8:b6:f5:d6:6a:c6:83:5e:cd:ec:b6:23:fc:05:06:a6:75

Object 2:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
        Type: Private key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        Flags: CKA_PRIVATE; CKA_NEVER_EXTRACTABLE; CKA_SENSITIVE;
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

Object 3:
        URL: pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=public
        Type: Public key (EC/ECDSA-SECP384R1)
        Label: intermediate
        ID: bc:b4:8f:e9:b5:66:ae:61:89:1a:ab:bf:de:6a:23:d4:ff:3a:b6:39

I det här fallet är den fullständigt kvalificerade PKCS#11-URI:n:

pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private

Skapa en konfigurationsfil för att använda den privata nyckeln för det mellanliggande certifikatet för att signera CSR:er för dina servrar.

vim sign_server_csrs.ini

[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = /opt/certificate-authority/intermediate
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = pkcs11:model=PKCS%2315%20emulated;manufacturer=www.CardContact.de;serial=DENK0104068;token=SmartCard-HSM%20%28UserPIN%29%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00;id=%BC%B4%8F%E9%B5%66%AE%61%89%1A%AB%BF%DE%6A%23%D4%FF%3A%B6%39;object=intermediate;type=private
certificate       = $dir/certs/intermediate.crt

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha512

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 375
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_loose

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ server_cert ]
# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = server
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth

Kör sedan openssl för att signera serverns CSR.

$ openssl ca -config sign_server_csrs.ini -engine pkcs11 -keyform engine -extensions server_cert -days 375 -notext -md sha512 -create_serial -in server_cert.csr -out server_cert.crt
engine "pkcs11" set.
Using configuration from sign_server_csrs.ini
Enter PKCS#11 token PIN for SmartCard-HSM (UserPIN):
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number:
            40:7f:dc:90:b0:3a:1b:fb:d3:e2:74:8d:40:28:a8:12:f7:7e:c3:74
        Validity
            Not Before: Aug 18 21:32:42 2020 GMT
            Not After : Aug 28 21:32:42 2021 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = US
            stateOrProvinceName       = My State
            organizationName          = My Company
            organizationalUnitName    = media
            commonName                = media
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Cert Type:
                SSL Server
            Netscape Comment:
                OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                26:89:19:95:6C:93:8C:DD:6E:AA:61:D5:C0:E6:78:CC:F1:47:64:FC
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:1D:4F:E5:ED:11:42:9A:AC:25:E4:51:A3:42:67:97:39:A0:10:AE:82
                DirName:/C=US/ST=My State/O=My Company/OU=My Company Certificate Authority/CN=My Company Root CA
                serial:35:47:4D:05:12:CC:E1:A8:B6:BF:DD:3E:C8:29:7B:18:C0:A1:5C:68

            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
            X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
                TLS Web Server Authentication
Certificate is to be certified until Aug 28 21:32:42 2021 GMT (375 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

Referenser

Jag har använt mig av följande resurser för att sammanställa det här dokumentet.

• Hur du initialiserar din Nitrokey HSM

• Hur du skapar en rot- och mellanliggande CA

• Hur du säkerställer att serienumren för dina mellanliggande certifikat från certifikatutfärdare och servrar är korrekta

• Hur man genererar privata ECC-nycklar

• Hur du hittar PCKS11 URI från din HSM

• Felsökning (forum)

Detta dokument skrevs ursprungligen ` av lyntux <https://gist.github.com/lyntux/f02c6c3414ce48bc8ea8ab6dcdba1623>`_